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Preventive Mastectomy to Prevent Genetic Breast Cancer

Preventive mastectomy is a procedure for removing healthy breasts with the aim of preventing breast cancer. Preventive mastectomy is recommended for women who are at risk of developing breast cancer, for example having a mother or sibling suffering from breast cancer. Based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2013, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer suffered by Indonesian women after cervical cancer. Breast cancer grows in breast tissue, especially in the ducts and glands that produce milk. Preventive mastectomy is one way to prevent breast cancer. The goal of this surgery is to remove all breast tissue that has the potential to develop into breast cancer.

Who is Recommended for a Preventive Mastectomy?

Preventive mastectomy surgery is performed on women at high risk of developing breast cancer. A woman's risk of developing breast cancer will increase if:
  • Having a mother or sibling suffering from breast cancer.
  • Having a breast biopsy showing early breast cancer or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). This is a condition where abnormal cells in the breast tissue are found that have the potential to develop into malignant.
  • Having a genetic mutation of BRCA 1 or BRCA 2. This is the main indication of a preventative mastectomy operation in both breasts.
  • Having breast cancer in one breast.
  • More than 40 years old.
  • Perform hormone replacement therapy more than five years after menopause.
  • Have a history of radiation therapy to the chest area before the age of 30 years.
The risk of developing breast cancer is also greater in women who have never been pregnant after the age of 30 years, get menstruation before the age of 12 years, or menopause after the age of 55 years.

Things to Consider Before Preventive Mastectomy Surgery

Before undergoing mastectomy surgery, patients must undergo a complete medical examination first. The procedure used to detect breast cancer is a physical examination, mammogram, breast ultrasound, breast MRI, genetic testing, and breast biopsy. After the examination is done and the results indicate that the patient has a high risk of developing breast cancer, the doctor may suggest a preventive mastectomy. Although generally safe enough to be performed and patients can still have the ideal breast shape after undergoing a preventive mastectomy, it is undeniable that this operation can affect the psychological condition of the patient, especially the second breast removed. Psychological problems that can be experienced by women after mastectomy include anxiety and depression. In addition, the same as surgery in general, the mastectomy procedure also has some risks of side effects, such as bleeding, infection, pain, and complications related to side effects of anesthesia.

Preventing Breast Cancer After Preventive Mastectomy

After mastectomy, patients still need to undergo routine breast examinations. Some things patients can do to reduce their risk of developing breast cancer in the future are:

Perform an early inspection

Women who are at high risk for breast cancer are advised to go to the doctor routinely according to the doctor's schedule. The earlier it is detected, the higher the chance of recovery from breast cancer.

Taking drugs

There are certain drugs, such as tamoxifen and raloxifene, which can inhibit the effects of estrogen so that the growth of breast cancer cells is inhibited. However, these drugs have side effects, so their use must be consulted first with a doctor.

Live a healthy lifestyle

Women who are obese after menopause are more at risk of developing breast cancer. Therefore, keep your diet and exercise regularly to maintain weight. Avoiding smoking, excessive stress, and limiting the consumption of alcoholic beverages can also reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. Each person has different health conditions and levels of risk for developing cancer. Therefore, to be able to determine whether preventive mastectomy really needs to be done or not, you should consult a doctor.

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